Jesus, the Master of Insults?

A message for teachers, preachers, and scholars

by John Partridge

As we read through the book of Matthew, there are many times when Jesus quotes from what we know as the Old Testament scriptures. Most of the time that Jesus does this he is simply teaching as rabbis and pastors have always done. Around his disciples, to people with honest questions, and in front of the crowds that gathered to hear him speak, Jesus preaches from the scriptures and teaches the people. But there are a handful of encounters in which Jesus does something different. When the Pharisees, and occasionally the Sadducees, come to Jesus, his approach, his intent, and his methodology are completely different. Rather than preaching from scripture, Jesus quotes scripture to the Pharisees… and it’s not pretty. In these cases, Jesus quotes from the scriptures, but rather than preaching or teaching in the gentle way that a father and son would play catch, Jesus quotes scripture as if he is hurling it at the Pharisees as a slinger in the army of Israel would launch stones, or a bowman would let loose his arrows.

We find the first of these instances in Matthew 12:3 in which Jesus attacks the Pharisees, men who dedicated their lives to reading, studying, memorizing, discussing, and debating scripture and its meaning. Here, Jesus’ attack is confrontational and deliberately insulting when he says, “Haven’t you read…?” as if these learned men had spent their time playing games rather than being serious scholars.

In another encounter with the Pharisees in Matthew chapter 15, the Pharisees come to Jesus and criticize him, and his disciples, for breaking the traditions of the elders. In other words, this isn’t about breaking the law, or committing sin, but about breaking the rules, habits, and traditions that had been handed down from other Pharisees, and perhaps even traditions that predated the Pharisees. But Jesus isn’t having any of that, and especially not from a group of people who are essentially the pot calling out the kettle for being black.

And so, in Matthew 15:3, Jesus once again insults them saying, “Why do you break the commands of God for the sake of your tradition?” For this group of men who followed hundreds of rules, specifically for the purpose of not breaking the commands of God, this is an obvious insult. But Jesus doesn’t stop there.

In Matthew 15: 7-9, Jesus continues by saying:

⁷ You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you:

⁸ “‘These people honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
⁹ They worship me in vain;
    their teachings are merely human rules.’”

This passage from the prophet Isaiah that Jesus quotes comes from Isaiah 29:13 where it says:

¹³ The Lord says:

“These people come near to me with their mouth
    and honor me with their lips,
    but their hearts are far from me.
Their worship of me
    is based on merely human rules they have been taught.

The Septuagint reading is only slightly different in the first and last line but gives us some additional insight. The first line here saying, “They worship me in vain;” and the last saying, “their teachings are merely human rules.”

Of course, Isaiah wasn’t prophesying about the Pharisees but pronouncing a series of woes and judgements upon the people of his own time, but the similarities between the two situations are so strikingly similar that they can’t help but be compared to one another. The Word Biblical Commentary described this as being “in the sense of a typological correspondence between Isaiah’s day and the time of Jesus.” The Pharisees had certainly read and studied the words of Isaiah, and they understood that Israel had been carried into captivity because of their unbelief, and they devoted themselves to avoid a repetition of that mistake. And so, in other words, Jesus is calling the Pharisees out for having become exactly the thing that their entire movement had been intended to avoid.

But as we continue through Matthew’s gospel, Jesus isn’t yet done insulting the Pharisees. In Matthew 19:4, Jesus again meets the Pharisees and after they attempt to ask him a trick question about divorce, Jesus says, “Haven’t you read…?” once again suggesting that these scholars had not done their homework.

Again, when the Pharisees criticize Jesus for allowing the children to shout Hosanna as he healed the blind and the lame in the Temple, in Matthew 21:16, Jesus says, “Have you never read…? As he again quotes from the Psalms.

Not long after that, after deliberately insulting the Pharisees in Matthew 21:31 by saying that tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of them, and again in Matthew 21:33-40 when Jesus ends the parable of the tenants by quoting Psalm 118 in Matthew 21:42 saying:

 “Have you never read in the Scriptures:

“‘The stone the builders rejected
    has become the cornerstone;
the Lord has done this,
    and it is marvelous in our eyes’?

⁴³ “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit.

Even here, Jesus isn’t done. In Matthew 22: 41 after the Pharisees had asked him a difficult question as a test, Jesus asks a question of his own saying, “What do think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” But, when the Pharisees correctly answer that the Christ is the son of David, Jesus, quoting Psalm 110, asks, in Matthew 22:44, “How is it then that David, speaking by the Spirit, calls him Lord?” This exchange, on the surface, appears more respectful than some of their previous encounters, but again Jesus insults the Pharisees by exposing their lack of understanding.

The Sadducees appear in Matthew 22:23 for some of the same, as they ask a question with a quote from Ezra 7 in hopes of making Jesus look foolish. But Jesus’ response in verse 29 is to say that “You are in error because you do not know the scriptures or the power of God.” And so, Jesus once again declares that men who were known for their knowledge of scripture, really didn’t know what they were talking about.

And all of that is followed by Matthew 23, in which almost the entire chapter is a Jesus delivering a diatribe against the Pharisees and all that they stand for.

From that, I think that all of us who study and preach should take note. Jesus was known for his gentleness, calm, and healing presence around sinners, tax collectors, prostitutes, foreigners, and even Roman soldiers if their questions were sincere. But Jesus had no tolerance at all for the people who claimed to be scholars, priests, and teachers. Jesus expected these learned people to understand what they were studying and teaching, and he expected that their lives would be lived in line with what they knew. Like it or not, we should see ourselves as the Pharisees, Sadducees, priests, and the teachers of Israel and heed Jesus words of caution so that we do not earn the kind of criticism that Jesus reserved for them.

As teachers, preachers, and as scholars, we are held to a higher standard and we are expected to live our lives in a way that models the scriptures so that on the day of judgement we might hear “Well done” and not, “Have you never read…?

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